FloodSmart – prepare now for tomorrow. Understanding flood types and the risk
Flooding is one of the most common and costly natural disasters, and its impact can vary depending on the type of flood. Whether you live inland, near a river, or along the coast, understanding the different types of floods, and the risks they pose, is key to staying safe and being prepared.
Floods come in different forms, and each type carries unique dangers. Understanding the differences helps you prepare effectively and respond safely.
Flash floods - what causes them?
Sudden, intense rainfall over a brief time - often in small, localised areas. They can also be triggered by dam failures or rapid snowmelt.
They strike quickly, sometimes within minutes or hours of heavy rain, and are extremely powerful, bring fast-moving water that can overwhelm roads, homes, and vehicles with little warning.
Flash floods are life-threatening due to their speed and force. They can trap people in cars or buildings and cause severe damage in a short time.
River floods - what causes them?
Occur when rivers overflow their banks due to prolonged rainfall, melting snow, or upstream dam releases.
Unlike flash floods, river floods build up gradually over days, giving communities more time to prepare.
They can inundate large areas for extended periods, damaging infrastructure, homes, and farmland. Evacuations and long-term displacement might be required.
Coastal floods - what causes them?
Driven by storm surges during hurricanes or tropical storms, high tides, or rising sea levels.
They can flood wide coastal zones and are often worsened by erosion and other environmental factors.
They threaten homes, infrastructure, and natural habitats-especially in low-lying coastal areas.
Why understanding flood types matters
Each flood type requires a different approach to preparedness and response. Knowing what kind of flood is most likely in your area helps you:
- create tailored emergency plans
- protect your property with appropriate measures
- stay informed and act quickly when warnings are issued
Floods don't wait. By understanding the risks and acting early, you can protect yourself, your family, and your community. Stay alert, stay informed, and stay safe.